Located in the Middle East region, Jordan borders Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Israel and Palestine. The population of this country should be approximately 6.5 million people by 2010. Agriculture is one of this country’s main sources of income and is especially promoted in the Jordan Valley. Over the past few decades, the problems which confront this country have included unemployment, low income levels and littering of wastes from all sectors. These problems are particularly rife in Palestine refugee camps in Jordan such as Weidhard and Zarqa camps where many women do not have access to jobs.  These refugee camps are one of the ten refugee camps in Jordan which accommodate some 326,000 refugees, making about 18 per cent of the 1,840,000 refugees registered with the office of UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, located in Jordan.  If the refugees living in the three unofficial camps and in camps’ environs were to be added to that number, it can be said that about 65 per cent of the Palestine refugees in Jordan live under similar socio-economic conditions.

In the light of the socio-economic problems in all the Palestinian camps, , it would be greatly recommended international agencies such as UNRWA, relevant UN bodies, the Arab League, NGOs and government of Jordan implement a project in Weidhard Refugee Camp and other similar refugee camps in Jordan. The main problems of Weidhard Refugee Camps include: deterioration of buildings and constructed areas; littering and stockpiles of waste; inconsistencies in the removal of waste; high levels of unemployment, particularly among women; high costs of fertilizer to use in farming; and

lack of the impact of the workings of environmental clubs.

Such a project could empower women, the youth and leaders in Weidhard Refugee Camp to engage in income-generating activities by collecting, recycling and selling some forms of waste for further use. This project will also help resolve the environmental problem of waste management, which has devastating impacts of pollution and climate change through the emission of greenhouse gases and other hazardous gases (from waste), negatively affects the health and living conditions of some sectors of the populace, the physical environment and land use. Women in these camps come into contact with many forms of waste such as household wastes, which are a result of their household activities. By enabling women to collect waste and further reprocess it into compost which will be sold to farmers, women leaders will ensure environmental protection while supplying reasonably priced fertilizer in the agricultural sector. The advantages of composting include improving soil fertility and healthy root development in plants. Composting also improves the Health, living conditions and physical environment of the surrounding populace, leads to job creation, income generation, social upliftment, as well as a recognition and publicity outside of the community. In effect, environmental mechanisms could be used to attain developmental goals in this camp.

Depending on the success of its implementation, such a project could be replicated in other parts of Jordan in latter phases. This project could therefore contribute to Jordan’s attainment of sustainable development goals, in conformity with the UN Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 7, which exhorts countries to implement environmentally sustainable policies and programmes; UN MDG 3 which requires that countries need to promote women equality in their programmes and UN  MDG 1 which requires countries to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Such a problem could also enable the integration of women and refugee issues into environmental issues, an approach which could make the attainment of Jordan’s development objectives easier, rather than treat these issues in isolation.

Such a project would also involve the implementation of a series of measures by the respective stakeholders who collaborate to enforce it. These measures include the following: liaise with the municipalities to clearly define the respective roles of each stakeholder in the process of project enforcement; identify a level, well-drained area where composting will take place;  identify and hire workers and women leaders to implement the project and conduct follow-up; identify the different kinds of waste which are produced in the refugee communities, and put them in different categories; purchase plastic bags, gloves, dust bins, boots, boxes and other relevant equipment for women leaders and workers; design two training courses for women leaders, farmers and a number of officials in these towns, on the types of organic waste which should be used for composting. These include tea bags, banana peels and many forms of kitchen waste, manure from birds, corn cobs, hair, peanut shells and paper.

Further measures are to: enhance the skills of affected parties in the process of composting and the sort of wastes which should be avoided; train these workers on the environmental impacts of mismanagement of hazardous waste, as well as the economic and environmental benefits of sustainable waste management practices; conduct a series of environmental awareness campaigns on preventing the disposal of garbage on streets, littering and also, the incentives which could be granted to best practicing areas; draft and finalise a Guidance Manual and Waste Management Charter; and conduct a survey of the number of existing houses, shops, commercial and industrial areas as well as farms in these towns; Remove accumulated wastes from streets.

Other measures include the following: identify particular areas in these towns from where women leaders will collect garbage from shops and houses and where waste disposal bins will be established; distribute a questionnaire to find out some salient features of waste management in the four towns such as the constraints in waste management; organise group discussions to obtain more views from the community about waste management, with practical suggestions on how this can be improved; distribute plastic bags to houses and shops;  establish an organized and regular system of garbage collection from these sites and disposal to a particular dumping area in the four towns through discussions with local authorities; and arrange with local authorities to provide vehicles for transporting garbage; separate organic waste from inorganic waste, and put together the organic waste for composting in a box, with garden soil at the base, with the relevant temperature and amount of heat supplied; monitor the process of the composting; put the fertilizer in separate paper bags for sale to farmers; clean up the inorganic waste (example, plastic bottles) and recycle for re-sale and re-use; co-operate with local authorities and treat the remaining waste in a landfill, with due regard to sound ecological principles.

The outcomes and expected advantages of such a project are many. These include a rise

in certain positive trends such as trained leaders to raise the level of environmental awareness amongst individuals throughout the communities; derivation of more income and greater levels of job opportunities for women through promoting the recycling of waste for sale as compost; improved partnerships between the community, private sector and municipal authorities for the improvement of environmental concerns; formulation and implementation of Guidelines and a Charter on Waste Management which consists of environmentally rational principles in waste management; strengthened partnerships between the community and the Ministry of Environment, for enforcing laws and policies on waste management, while paying attention to the principles of the Waste Management Charter and Jordan’s Waste Management Policy; availability of reasonably priced fertilizer for purchase and use by farmers in the refugee towns and the Jordan Valley, as well as an established system of recycling waste for re-use.

In view of these, such a project could enable the global community and Jordan could to to resolve pressing problems such as poverty and lack of employment.  

Yvonne Nana Afua Idun
http://www.articlesbase.com/environment-articles/promoting-women-and-youth-leadership-in-solid-waste-management-recommendations-for-a-project-in-jordans-weidhard-refugee-camp-687900.html

And how a change in the environment or a move to a different, can affect the musical inspiration of a person?

If you are speaking of creating new music, a change of environment will tend to give you new perspectives on life which will stoke your creative fire.

We need to experience life in order to recreate the beauty we sense in our environment. And, diversity, newness and uniqueness contribute greatly to this process.

The Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., one of the successful Japanese automakers in the global arena, is increasingly proving its potentials. The maker of the VQ engines, which was included in the Ward’s 10 Best Engines for 12 straight years, is delving into another remarkable commitment. This time, it is strengthening its commitment to help save the environment through its Nissan Green Program 2010.

The Nissan Green Program 2010 is the automaker’s vision of its commitments to all aspects of environmental management. The program is aimed at responding to immediate challenges and creating the foundation for a long-term, sustainable business model.

Nissan is among the top three Asian automakers of the Big Three in the United States. And to compete more closely to Detroit’s Big Three, Nissan is also focusing on the reduction of CO2 emissions. The automaker has embraced a multi-pronged philosophy of product development. Nissan’s philosophy covers the formulation and production of auto technologies and product lines to promote clean environment.

The automaker is meticulously planning in order to have the right auto technologies at the right time and market. The technologies will be used to help sustain cleaner environment with lesser harmful emissions.

At this year’s New York Auto Show, the automaker introduced an engine that incorporates the variable valve event and lift (VEL) system. The system is capable of limiting CO2 emissions by around ten percent. The VEL system is as efficient as the refined Nissan oxygen sensor. According to Nissan, the first vehicle to offer this technology in North America will be an Infiniti.

Nissan has also developed clean diesel engines for North America to achieve the United States Tier2 BIN5 emissions standards. It will also unleash clean diesel vehicles in the United States from the 2010 fiscal year. By far, the automaker’s current gasoline engines are designed to run on a blend of up to ten percent bio-ethanol (E10). In 2005, Nissan has introduced the Titan FFV (E85). And this year, the automaker will be offering the Armada FFV (E85) in the US. The automaker plans to expand the E85 lineup to other Nissan and Infiniti vehicles in the post-Nissan Value-Up period.

In regard hybrids, Nissan launched the 2007 Altima Hybrid in February. The Altima Hybrid is Nissan’s first entry in the hybrid electric vehicle market. With more muscle per gallon than its rivals, it is the first hybrid to “drive like a Nissan.” It also features responsive handling, smooth acceleration, and seamless delivery of power under varying driving conditions. The automaker is planning to introduce a vehicle powered by a Nissan-developed hybrid system in the U.S. by 2010.

Nissan is accelerating development of plug-in hybrid technologies that can utilize grid power to recharge batteries in addition to the onboard charging system. Aside from hybrids, the automaker is also concentrating on the manufacture of vehicles that run on fuel cell and electricity.

RyanThomas
http://www.articlesbase.com/automotive-articles/nissan-north-america-releases-environmental-update-130798.html

Can anybody tell me what are the key opportunities in Sales environment?

Well you can make more than if you where in a hourly job, depending how good you are at selling any particular product. You could start your own business like I did.Try this, Data collection and entry is a huge business. You can have a home based business and get tax benefits by simply entering 10 license plates a month. It is a great way to earn extra income and only takes a few minutes a month. We have a great team in place to help you get started. correia.teamverify.cm

When you think of air conditioning, do you ever wonder who made it, the history behind it, maybe different applications involved or even environmental concerns? Well, if so, then you have come to the right place. We will not only go over each of these but you will find that a Sub-Heading for ease of use marks each section.

The Air Conditioner was first introduced in 1820 by Michael Faraday a British Scientist and Inventor. He discovered that by compressing liquefied ammonia you could cause the rooms are temperature to cool down. Dr. John Gorrie who used this technology to make ice for his patients later followed this up. Once the Doctor had proven that using the ice helped his patients he then received a grant to do more studies. However this was not meant to be and it was another 50 years before the first air condition was made in 1902.

An air conditioner is a machine designed to create cool air using a refrigeration system.

THE HISTORY OF THE AIR CONDITIONER

The Air Conditioner or its uses and methods can be traced back to Medieval Persia, where they used large open pools to hold water while using wind towers using tunnel like pipes to catch the wind and push it into another direction. This caused the collected water to evaporate and cool the buildings during the hot seasons.

While the modern air conditioner was first introduced in 1902 for factories, the first home and car air conditioner was not brought in until 1950.

First is the Comfort Application, which is designed to keep indoors comfortable for both mankind and our animals. There are different types of this application and are used in such places as Residential Homes and Buildings, Commercial Properties, Schools and other Institutions. This application is also used for personal Aircraft, Ships, Spacecraft, Trains, and Vehicles.

Then we have the Process Application, which is geared for the place it is located such as Operating Rooms, Static Clean or Data Rooms, Breeding Facilities, Airplanes, Factories, Testing Facilities, Greenhouses, Mines, Kitchens, and Nuclear Plants. Each of these areas has to maintain a center degree and this application provides that safely.

Many people forget that we have to be careful of what we do and how we use such conveniences as the Air Conditioner, but as the Earths Health slowly declines and we have more and more health related issues in today’s society we have to take care. When you don’t take care of your air conditioner properly you set the stage for the outbreak of Microorganisms that contribute to anything from the common everyday cold to pneumonia, or even asthma. Which if you have ever had an allergy reaction or worse an asthmatic attack then you know how life threatening this can be.

Not to mention the fact an air conditioner, if maintained properly, can save on your heating and electric bill, as well as cut down on the electricity that, in turn, cuts down on the emissions from both the AC unit and your local power plant.

Derek Both
http://www.articlesbase.com/environment-articles/air-conditioning-and-the-environmental-impact-123438.html

how can schools contribute to the betterment of the environment?
What programs can they be implemented?

You don’t say what level school you are talking about, but there are things any school can do to protect the environment. A monitoring team should be set up to be sure that all unnecessary lights are turned off. They could also turn off electronics such as computers when not being used. Visit the EPA website for information on the program to eliminate toxic fumes from idling buses. Recycle, recycle, recycle. Start a comprehensive recyling program.
Check out www.gogreeninitiative.org for a complete program on how a school can go green.

Ever heard of the famous Professor Wangari Maathai? She is a Nobel Peace Price Laureate, the Member of Parliament for Tetu Constituency, the founder and leader of the Green Belt Movement. With so many attributes to her name, she is the so down to earth Lady that you may not pick up from the large crowds she pulls campaigning for the conservation of the environment both Globally and in Kenya, where she was born and Brought up.

Like in many many other countries in the world, Kenya has had its share of deforestation through illegal logging, land degradation by use rudiment ally farming practices and burning of fossil fuels leading to the Global warming threat, where the world is expected to warm up by over 2 degrees centigrade over the next 100 years. It expected that increased temperature changes could lead to drastic and erratic weather changes with some parts of the world becoming either too hot or too cold. This is going to affect food production to an ever growing population especially in the less developed African countries making human survival harder than in any other period in the history of mankind.

Professor Wangari Maathai has has taken the leading role in organizing communities and Non-Governmental organizations into condeming land grabbing, degazettement of forest land and illegal logging, through her Green Belt movement. Many youth groups and women organizations have taken the cue from her and started indigenous tree nurseries all over Kenya. These initiatives are going to change the face of Kenya, making your dreams of that coveted Safari even more interesting, imagine all the bare countryside coming to life with lush green indigenous trees that save our soils from the from raging rain waters running into the rivers that feed our National animal conservatories.

As a tourist in Kenya, you could get involved. Lets call it an environmental Safari. You could help plant a tree or two. Let us exchange views. What is your country doing to conserve the environment? What lessons can Kenyans learn from from your country’s’ conservation efforts? Do you have an alternative to fuel wood that 90% of Kenyans use? What will Kenya do with the menace of plastic waste management? The list is endless, but the options are there with you and the whole lot of us will appreciate.

Kenyans are a very hospitable people. They wil not mind to host you as a tourist as you travel to other coveted tourist destinations scattered all over the country. Talk of budget travel and you have it, it cannot come cheaper. There are many diverse tribes in Kenya and you are sure to be treated to the many traditional cuisine that are prepared in the countryside. You will also be treated to the many cultural events, unique to each cultural group.

Lucy
http://www.articlesbase.com/exotic-locations-articles/travelling-for-safari-in-kenya-the-environmental-friendly-way-123349.html

It seems whenever a corporation screws up or is downright negligent, and people are at risk, they come in and keep saying "everything is alright." They only lay a spanking on corporations after the spin can no longer be spun, and by then, in most cases its often too late.

So, whose side are they on? I know its not the environment’s.
Just look at the Marcellus shale drilling in PA, they tell people its OK to drink filthy contaminated water.

The EPA sure looks like a tool of the Corporate Oligarchs.
They pass edicts that will force people to but compact fluorescent bulbs – profiting the liberal progressive General Electric Co.

The Democracy Alliance – a group of 60+ Billionaires – control Democrat politicians & RINOs with huge donations that get laws & edicts passed to profit themselves.

The head of the Democracy Alliance:

http://www.commieblaster.com/george-soros-fund/index.html

I am doing a school art project on what is hurting our society. I’ve decided to do puppy mills. Where are puppy mills usually located in like the forest, desert, or what environment. Thank you.

There are a lot of them in New York, the Amish are famous for milling pups in rural New York. I remember a puppy mill being on the cover of the Time Life magazine years ago. They are not uncommon and can be found even in urban area, right in the heart of any city. I’ve seen a few in NC, all of those where in rural area’s. Check with the magazine’s, run a search in there archives. Pre pair your self because the pictures are graphic and horrifying. Also look up the Humane Society web site they will have some great info for you there. Hope you get an A.